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The '''Cop''' is a role that has the ability to investigate other players.  
The '''Cop''' is a role that has the ability to investigate other players in order to discern their alignment at Night.  Players who are investigated are not told as much.


The most typical use of this role involves the role [[PM]]ing the [[moderator]] the investigation target during the [[Night]] Phase and receiving a result of either "innocent" or "guilty" (or "Pro-Town" and "Anti-Town") at the start of the next [[Day]] Phase. This role is almost always Pro-Town since the mafia traditionally already know who is guilty and innocent, making a Mafia Cop redundant.
In games with [[werewolf|werewolves]], a cop who can only detect werewolves is commonly called a '''Seer'''.


In games with [[werewolf|werewolves]], a cop who can only detect werewolves is commonly called a '''Seer'''.
True Cops are virtually useless for Mafiosi, as they already know who is in their faction.  (However, see [[Role Cop]].)


=Sanities=
==Sanities==
Since the ability to uncover guilt or innocence regardless of analysis of play is a very powerful ability, some moderators dampen the cop's ability through the use of sanities - alterations to the accuracy of the investigation results. Cop is the only investigative role where it is established that results may not be accurate, and if a Cop is not told that it is Sane it is assumed that any of these sanities may apply.  Note, however, that non-Sane Cops are not common in smaller games as there is relatively little time for the Cop to deduce its sanity. Sanity may or may not be revealed upon death, according to the mod's discretion.
Since the ability to uncover guilt or innocence regardless of analysis of play is a very powerful ability, some moderators dampen the cop's ability through the use of sanities - alterations to the accuracy of the investigation results. While many moderators are opposed to the use of these sanities, nonetheless Cop is the '''only role''' where it is firmly established through tradition and meta that their results are not guaranteed to be accurate, and if a Cop is not told that it is Sane it is assumed that any of these sanities may apply.  Note, however, that non-Sane Cops are rare in smaller games as there is relatively little time for the Cop to deduce its sanity, thus turning results into a useless crapshoot. Sanity may or may not be revealed upon death, according to the mod's discretion.


* '''Sane Cop''': Always gets correct results (i.e. "{{color|dred|guilty}}" for anti-Town roles and "{{color|green|innocent}}" for pro-Town roles)
* '''Sane Cop''': Always gets correct results (i.e. "{{color|dred|guilty}}" for anti-Town roles and "{{color|green|innocent}}" for pro-Town roles)
* '''Insane Cop''': Always gets reversed results (i.e. "{{color|dred|guilty}}" for pro-Town roles and "{{color|green|innocent}}" for anti-Town roles)
* '''Insane Cop''': Always gets incorrect results (i.e. "{{color|dred|guilty}}" for pro-Town roles and "{{color|green|innocent}}" for anti-Town roles)
: ''Once the player realizes they are insane, they can generally produce effective results by reporting the opposite of what they discover.''
: ''Once the player realizes they are insane, they can generally produce effective results by reporting the opposite of what they discover.''
* '''Paranoid Cop''': Always gets "{{color|dred|guilty}}" results
* '''Paranoid Cop''': Always gets "{{color|dred|guilty}}" results
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: ''This is a [[Bastard Mod|bastard]] role and almost never used.''
: ''This is a [[Bastard Mod|bastard]] role and almost never used.''


Moderators' judgment varies as to whether roles that falsify investigative results ([[Godfather]], [[Framer]], [[Miller]], et al.) affect non-Sane Cops.
Moderators' judgment varies as to whether roles that falsify investigative results ([[Godfather]], [[Framer]], [[Miller]], et al.) affect non-Sane Cops or in which order passive investigation alteration and Cop sanity resolve.
 
==Derivations==
* A '''Daycop''' investigates players during the Day instead of the Night.  Depending on the format of the game, they may receive their results immediately or at the end of the Day.  Daycops that receive results immediately are extremely rare and exceedingly powerful.
 
* A '''[[Gunsmith]]''' investigates roles to determine if they have a gun in flavor or not.  Exactly which roles have guns in flavor is not standardized, but generally the list includes [[Vigilante]], [[Cop]], [[Gunsmith]], [[Paranoid Gun Owner]], and all members of the Mafia capable of performing the factional kill.  [[Serial Killer]] notably does ''not'' return a positive result to a Gunsmith.
 
* A '''[[Role Cop]]''' investigates roles to determine their role title as it would appear in their flip (i.e. [[Cop]], [[Doctor]], [[Role Cop]], [[Vanilla]]).  It does not discern alignment; [[Goon|Goons]] investigate as "Vanilla".  While these can be Town, these are more known for being the Mafia's adaptation of the Cop role.
 
* A '''Macho Cop''' is one such that all protective actions fail when made on it.  This role is the source of the [[Macho]] modifier.
 
* A '''[[Flavor Cop]]''' investigates roles to reveal a piece of flavor from target's role.  It is functionally identical to the classical version of the [[Thief]] role, and is sometimes called "Role Cop".
 
* An '''Amnesiac Cop''' functions as a normal Cop, but does not receive the results of its investigations.  Those investigation results are sent to another (unknown) player.  The subversion of this unknown player being a Mafioso or a Serial Killer has been done to death.
 
==Variations==
The exact wording of the Cop's result is not standardized, with the following options being most common.
 
*Mafia/Not Mafia - This only checks if the target is Mafia-aligned.  Serial Killers or other third-party members thus have implicit investigation immunity.
 
*Town/Not Town - To contrast, all third-party players will return an alarming result, even if they are benign in practice (i.e. [[Survivor]]).
 
*Guilty/Not Guilty - This splits the line between the two.  The moderator will decide in advance which third-party roles are considered "guilty".
 
==Use and Power==
Cops are, quite simply, an easy-to-use and powerful role for the Town.  A Cop that lives to Day 3 of a 13-player game can have up to two living investigation results; on top of knowing that it is itself innocent, that makes for three very persuasively alignment-confirmed players in a situation where only nine players are alive.
 
Unlike positive results from other investigative roles like [[Tracker]] and [[Watcher]], it is implausibly difficult to fakeclaim one's way out of a Guilty result from a Cop.  Any targeting role can be made up as a fakeclaim to explain away suspicious Tracker/Watcher results, but [[Chainsaw_Defense_%28old%29|conveniently timed Miller claims are not believable]].  Thus, scum who are caught by a Cop are inevitably doomed without any recourse, though they can buy a Day by arguing that the Cop is fakeclaiming in some cases.
 
On the other hand, receiving Not Guilty results as a Cop is can be even more powerful.  A group of players who are confirmed Town without scum's knowledge that are only revealed late in the game can spell disaster for an entire scum team as they get winnowed away via process of elimination.  One benefit to this approach is that there is considerably less pressure for a Cop to claim early if they do not get a Guilty result.
 
Thus, Cops are very powerful as long as they are alive.  Because they receive clear results that simplify decision-making, they can be used to prop up otherwise weak Towns.  In fact, the infamous breaking strategy of [[Follow the Cop]] relies on using an outed Cop and a hidden Doctor (or equivalent protective role) to sort the game out with relative impunity.
 
As a result, a multitude of roles designed to weaken or replace the Cop (including the sanities and derivations listed above) have come forth.  Games that include a Cop may have at least one of these; games that include a Cop and a Doctor almost certainly have at least one of these.


=Variations=
*[[Framer]] (also called Tailor) - A role that can target a player each Night; if the Cop investigates the Framer's target, they will get an incorrect result.
* '''Day Cop''':
: ''Investigates one player each [[day]] instead of each [[night]]''
* '''[[Gunsmith]]''':
: ''Investigates roles to determine if they have a gun or not.''
* '''Role Cop''':
: ''Investigates, but receives information about ability instead of alignment.''
* '''Macho Cop''':
: ''Can't be protected by protective roles''.
* '''[[Flavor Cop]]''':
: ''An investigation will reveal a piece of flavor from target's role. (also see [[Thief]])''
* '''Amnesiac Cop''':
: ''Can investigate, however the results are sent to a third party.


=Setup Design=
*[[Godfather]] - A Mafia role that investigates as Not Guilty (or whatever would be least incriminating).


The cop can be a very powerful town-aligned role, because the results of the cop's investigations can override any amount of good play by the scum, or bad play by fellow townies.  A cop who lives long enough, even if they never receive a guilty result, can still win the game for the town by providing enough innocents that the rest of the scum can be deduced via process of elimination. Because of this, it is ''very'' common for the cop to be balanced by some other facet of the setup:
*[[Miller]] - A Town role that investigates as Guilty (or whatever would be most incriminating).


* Roles that return incorrect results, such as the [[Miller]], which is a town member who returns guilty, or the [[Godfather]], a mafia member who returns innocent. 
*[[Roleblocker]] - When given to the Mafia, this allows the scum to block the Cop's investigations, neutering the Follow the Cop strategy.
* Roles that can modify the results, such as the [[Roleblocker]], who can keep the cop from investigating, or the [[Framer]], who can make a town member return as guilty if investigated in the same night.
* Variant sanities (see above).  These cause the cop to have to have a few reports before they become useful.  At least on mafiascum, it is considered [[Bastard_Mod|bastardly]] to have a variant-sanity cop without explicitly telling them in their role that they may not be sane.
* Limiting the number of investigations the cop can perform, by making them [[X-Shot]], even night only, odd night only, etc.
* Limiting them in other ways, such as several of the variations (above).  For instance, a [[Macho]] cop cannot be protected by a [[Doctor]], the [[Gunsmith]] will return a guilty on a [[Vigilante]] as well as the mafia, etc.


The other item to be careful in setup design is pairing a cop with a protective role such as a [[Doctor]].  When both these roles are know to be present, the cop can safely claim and reveal his investigations. This is commonly known as the [[Follow the Cop]] problem.  If there is a cop and a doctor in the setup, then the scum will require some of the limiting factors above in order to compete.
Another means of including a Cop but limiting its power is the [[X-Shot]] modifier.


=Moderator Notes=
==Play Advice==
In [[Normal Game]]s and [[Newbie Game]]s, players targeted for investigation are not made aware of that fact.  
In order from least forgivable to most forgivable:
*Do not get lynched Day 1 while trying to gambit.
*Do not prematurely claim, particularly Day 1.
*Do not investigate obviously Town players unless you are out of other options.
*Do not investigate players who are probably going to get lynched the next Day unless you plan on claiming during the next Day anyway.
*Do not look so scummy before you claim that people will not believe you when you DO claim.


The wording of the Cop's PM figured strongly when [[game balance|balancing a game]]. If a Cop only learns if their target is '''MAFIA''' or '''NOT MAFIA''', then third party groups like [[cult]]s, [[survivor]]s, and [[serial killer]]s will effectively by investigation immune. But if a cop learns if their target is '''TOWN''' or '''NOT TOWN''', then third party groups are more vulnerable.
It is generally best to investigate players you have null reads on, and let the Day game sort out the others.

Revision as of 03:23, 15 July 2011

Cop
Aliases:
  • Seer
  • Angel
Alignment:
Role type:
  • Informative
Choice:
  • Night
  • Day

The Cop is a role that has the ability to investigate other players in order to discern their alignment at Night. Players who are investigated are not told as much.

In games with werewolves, a cop who can only detect werewolves is commonly called a Seer.

True Cops are virtually useless for Mafiosi, as they already know who is in their faction. (However, see Role Cop.)

Sanities

Since the ability to uncover guilt or innocence regardless of analysis of play is a very powerful ability, some moderators dampen the cop's ability through the use of sanities - alterations to the accuracy of the investigation results. While many moderators are opposed to the use of these sanities, nonetheless Cop is the only role where it is firmly established through tradition and meta that their results are not guaranteed to be accurate, and if a Cop is not told that it is Sane it is assumed that any of these sanities may apply. Note, however, that non-Sane Cops are rare in smaller games as there is relatively little time for the Cop to deduce its sanity, thus turning results into a useless crapshoot. Sanity may or may not be revealed upon death, according to the mod's discretion.

  • Sane Cop: Always gets correct results (i.e. "guilty" for anti-Town roles and "innocent" for pro-Town roles)
  • Insane Cop: Always gets incorrect results (i.e. "guilty" for pro-Town roles and "innocent" for anti-Town roles)
Once the player realizes they are insane, they can generally produce effective results by reporting the opposite of what they discover.
  • Paranoid Cop: Always gets "guilty" results
Once the Cop discovers their sanity, they may stop investigating, as all results are equally useless.
  • Naive Cop: Always gets "innocent" results
This may be the most common variant sanity used, as it masks Scum even if the Cop dies early.
  • Random Cop: Gets a randomized result without regard to who is investigated
This is a bastard role and almost never used.

Moderators' judgment varies as to whether roles that falsify investigative results (Godfather, Framer, Miller, et al.) affect non-Sane Cops or in which order passive investigation alteration and Cop sanity resolve.

Derivations

  • A Daycop investigates players during the Day instead of the Night. Depending on the format of the game, they may receive their results immediately or at the end of the Day. Daycops that receive results immediately are extremely rare and exceedingly powerful.
  • A Gunsmith investigates roles to determine if they have a gun in flavor or not. Exactly which roles have guns in flavor is not standardized, but generally the list includes Vigilante, Cop, Gunsmith, Paranoid Gun Owner, and all members of the Mafia capable of performing the factional kill. Serial Killer notably does not return a positive result to a Gunsmith.
  • A Role Cop investigates roles to determine their role title as it would appear in their flip (i.e. Cop, Doctor, Role Cop, Vanilla). It does not discern alignment; Goons investigate as "Vanilla". While these can be Town, these are more known for being the Mafia's adaptation of the Cop role.
  • A Macho Cop is one such that all protective actions fail when made on it. This role is the source of the Macho modifier.
  • A Flavor Cop investigates roles to reveal a piece of flavor from target's role. It is functionally identical to the classical version of the Thief role, and is sometimes called "Role Cop".
  • An Amnesiac Cop functions as a normal Cop, but does not receive the results of its investigations. Those investigation results are sent to another (unknown) player. The subversion of this unknown player being a Mafioso or a Serial Killer has been done to death.

Variations

The exact wording of the Cop's result is not standardized, with the following options being most common.

  • Mafia/Not Mafia - This only checks if the target is Mafia-aligned. Serial Killers or other third-party members thus have implicit investigation immunity.
  • Town/Not Town - To contrast, all third-party players will return an alarming result, even if they are benign in practice (i.e. Survivor).
  • Guilty/Not Guilty - This splits the line between the two. The moderator will decide in advance which third-party roles are considered "guilty".

Use and Power

Cops are, quite simply, an easy-to-use and powerful role for the Town. A Cop that lives to Day 3 of a 13-player game can have up to two living investigation results; on top of knowing that it is itself innocent, that makes for three very persuasively alignment-confirmed players in a situation where only nine players are alive.

Unlike positive results from other investigative roles like Tracker and Watcher, it is implausibly difficult to fakeclaim one's way out of a Guilty result from a Cop. Any targeting role can be made up as a fakeclaim to explain away suspicious Tracker/Watcher results, but conveniently timed Miller claims are not believable. Thus, scum who are caught by a Cop are inevitably doomed without any recourse, though they can buy a Day by arguing that the Cop is fakeclaiming in some cases.

On the other hand, receiving Not Guilty results as a Cop is can be even more powerful. A group of players who are confirmed Town without scum's knowledge that are only revealed late in the game can spell disaster for an entire scum team as they get winnowed away via process of elimination. One benefit to this approach is that there is considerably less pressure for a Cop to claim early if they do not get a Guilty result.

Thus, Cops are very powerful as long as they are alive. Because they receive clear results that simplify decision-making, they can be used to prop up otherwise weak Towns. In fact, the infamous breaking strategy of Follow the Cop relies on using an outed Cop and a hidden Doctor (or equivalent protective role) to sort the game out with relative impunity.

As a result, a multitude of roles designed to weaken or replace the Cop (including the sanities and derivations listed above) have come forth. Games that include a Cop may have at least one of these; games that include a Cop and a Doctor almost certainly have at least one of these.

  • Framer (also called Tailor) - A role that can target a player each Night; if the Cop investigates the Framer's target, they will get an incorrect result.
  • Godfather - A Mafia role that investigates as Not Guilty (or whatever would be least incriminating).
  • Miller - A Town role that investigates as Guilty (or whatever would be most incriminating).
  • Roleblocker - When given to the Mafia, this allows the scum to block the Cop's investigations, neutering the Follow the Cop strategy.

Another means of including a Cop but limiting its power is the X-Shot modifier.

Play Advice

In order from least forgivable to most forgivable:

  • Do not get lynched Day 1 while trying to gambit.
  • Do not prematurely claim, particularly Day 1.
  • Do not investigate obviously Town players unless you are out of other options.
  • Do not investigate players who are probably going to get lynched the next Day unless you plan on claiming during the next Day anyway.
  • Do not look so scummy before you claim that people will not believe you when you DO claim.

It is generally best to investigate players you have null reads on, and let the Day game sort out the others.

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